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ps mac - Xử lý ảnh ngược sáng

Details: Category: Photoshop; Written by Le Minh Thanh; Hits: 0

Chỉnh ánh sáng cho ảnh ngược sáng

ps mac - Các công cụ Retouch

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Chuyên về các công cụ dặm vá trong Photoshop

ps mac - Curves là gì?

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Curves là một trong những công cụ cơ bản nhưng lại vô cùng mạnh mẽ. Curves được dùng để tăng độ tương phản sáng tối, cân bằng màu sắc và hiệu chỉnh phạm vi sắc độ cho từng vùng điểm ảnh trong hình.

ps mac - Levels là gì?

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Công cụ Levels hiệu chỉnh sáng tối, gắn liền với một biểu đồ histogram thể hiện các pixel có trong ảnh

ps mac - chỉnh file Raw

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Cửa sổ open file Raw

Tiêu đề: Xem thông tin file
Lens Correction: Xem thông tin file
Link đáy cửa sổ: Kiểm Smart Object

Camera Raw dialog box overview
Camera Raw dialog box
A. Filmstrip

A Camera name or file format B Toggle full-screen mode C Image adjustment tabs D Histogram E Camera Raw Settings menu F Adjustment sliders G Preview options H Workflow options I Zoom levels

Preview Options

Basic

Clarity: độ trong

Dehaze: khử sương mù

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Make color and tonal adjustments in Camera Raw

Histogram and RGB levels

Histogram thể hiện sắc độ của các pixels trong ảnh. A histogram that has nonzero values for each luminance value indicates an image that takes advantage of the full tonal scale. A histogram that doesn’t use the full tonal range corresponds to a dull image that lacks contrast. A histogram with a spike at the left side indicates shadow clipping; a histogram with a spike on the right side indicates highlight clipping.

TIPS: Select Shadows or Highlights to see in the preview image which pixels are being clipped. For more information, see Preview highlight and shadow clipping in Camera Raw.

One common task for adjusting an image is to spread out the pixel values more evenly from left to right on the histogram, instead of having them bunched up at one end or the other.

A histogram is made up of three layers of color that represent the red, green, and blue color channels. White appears when all three channels overlap. Yellow, magenta, and cyan appear when two of the RGB channels overlap (yellow equals the red + green channels, magenta equals the red + blue channels, and cyan equals the green + blue channels).

The histogram changes automatically as you adjust the settings in the Camera Raw dialog box. The RGB values of the pixel under the pointer (in the preview image) appear below the histogram.

Note: You can also use the Color Sampler tool to place up to nine color samplers in the preview image. The RGB values appear above the preview image. To remove a color sampler, Alt-click (Windows) or Option-click (Mac OS) it. To clear the color samplers, click Clear Samplers.

The Camera Raw dialog box displays the RGB values of the pixel under the pointer.

Preview highlight and shadow clipping

Clipping occurs when the color values of a pixel are higher than the highest value or lower than the lowest value that can be represented in the image. Over bright values are clipped to output white, and over dark values are clipped to output black. The result is a loss of image detail.

To see which pixels are being clipped with the rest of the preview image, select Shadows or Highlights options at the top of the histogram. Or press U to see shadow clipping, Or to see highlight clipping.
To see only the pixels that are being clipped, press Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) while dragging the Exposure, Recovery, or Blacks sliders.

For the Exposure and Recovery sliders, the image turns black, and clipped areas appear white. For the Blacks slider, the image turns white and clipped areas appear black. Colored areas indicate clipping in one color channel (red, green, blue) or two color channels (cyan, magenta, yellow).

Note: In some cases, clipping occurs because the color space that you are working in has a gamut that is too small. If your colors are being clipped, consider working in a color space with a large gamut, such as ProPhoto RGB.

White balance controls

To adjust the white balance, identify which objects in the image you want to be neutral-colored (white or gray), and then adjust the colors to make those objects neutral. A white or gray object in a scene takes on the color cast by the ambient light or flash used to shoot the picture. When you use the White Balance tool to specify an object that you want white or gray, Camera Raw can determine the color of the light in which the scene was shot and then adjust for scene lighting automatically.

Color temperature (in Kelvins) is used as a measure of scene lighting. Natural and incandescent light sources give off light in a predictable distribution according to their temperature.

A digital camera records the white balance at the time of exposure as a metadata entry. The Camera Raw plug-in reads this value and makes it the initial setting when you open the file in the Camera Raw dialog box. This setting usually yields the correct color temperature, or nearly so. You can adjust the white balance if it is not right.

Note: Not all color casts are a result of incorrect white balance. Use the DNG Profile Editor to correct a color cast that remains after the white balance is adjusted. See Adjust color rendering for your camera in Camera Raw.

The Basic tab in the Camera Raw dialog box has three controls for correcting a color cast in an image:

White Balance Camera Raw applies the white balance setting and changes the Temperature and Tint properties in the Basic tab accordingly. Use these controls to fine-tune the color balance.

As Shot Uses the camera’s white balance settings, if they are available.
Auto Calculates the white balance based on the image data.

Camera raw and DNG files also have the following white balance settings: Daylight, Cloudy, Shade, Tungsten, Fluorescent, and Flash.

Note: If Camera Raw doesn’t recognize the white balance setting of a camera, choosing As Shot is the same as choosing Auto.

Temperature Sets the white balance to a custom color temperature. Decrease Temperature to correct a photo taken with a lower color temperature of light; the Camera Raw plug-in makes the image colors bluer to compensate for the lower color temperature (yellowish) of the ambient light. Conversely, increase Temperature to correct a photo taken with a higher color temperature of light; the image colors become warmer (yellowish) to compensate for the higher color temperature (bluish) of the ambient light.

Note: The range and units for the Temperature and Tint controls are different when you are adjusting a TIFF or JPEG image. For example, Camera Raw provides a true-temperature adjustment slider for raw files from 2,000 Kelvin to 50,000 Kelvin. For JPEG or TIFF files, Camera Raw attempts to approximate a different color temperature or white balance. Because the original value was already used to alter the pixel data in the file, Camera Raw does not provide the true Kelvin temperature scale. In these instances, an approximate scale of -100 to 100 is used in place of the temperature scale.

(image)
Correcting the white balance

A. Moving the Temperature slider to the right corrects a photo taken with a higher color temperature of light B. Moving the Temperature slider to the left corrects a photo taken with a lower color temperature of light C. Photo after color temperature adjustment

Tint Sets the white balance to compensate for a green or magenta tint. Decrease Tint to add green to the image; increase Tint to add magenta.

TIPS: To adjust the white balance quickly, select the White Balance tool and then click an area in the image that you want to be a neutral gray. The Temperature and Tint properties adjust to make the selected color exactly neutral (if possible). If you’re clicking whites, choose a highlight area that contains significant white detail rather than a specular highlight. You can double-click theWhite Balance tool to reset White Balance to As Shot.

Adjust tone

You adjust the image tonal scale using the tone controls in the Basic tab.

When you click Auto at the top of the tone controls section of the Basic tab, Camera Raw analyzes the image and makes automatic adjustments to the tone controls.

You can also apply automatic settings separately for individual tone controls. To apply an automatic adjustment to an individual tone control, such as Exposure or Contrast, press Shift and double-click the slider. To return an individual tone control to its original value, double-click its slider.

When you adjust tone automatically, Camera Raw ignores any adjustments previously made in other tabs (such as fine-tuning of tone in the Tone Curves tab). For this reason, apply automatic tone adjustments first—if at all—to get an initial approximation of the best settings for your image. If you are careful during shooting and have deliberately shot with different exposures, you probably don’t want to undo that work by applying automatic tone adjustments. On the other hand, you can always try clicking Auto and then undo the adjustments if you don’t like them.

Previews in Adobe® Bridge use the default image settings. If you want the default image settings to include automatic tone adjustments, select Apply Auto Tone Adjustments in the Default Image settings section of the Camera Raw preferences.

Note: If you are comparing images based on their previews in Adobe Bridge, leave the Apply Auto Tone Adjustments preference deselected, which is the default. Otherwise, you’ll be comparing images that have already been adjusted.

As you make adjustments, keep an eye on the end points of the histogram, or use the shadow and highlight clipping previews.

TIPS: While moving the tone controls sliders, hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) to preview where highlights or shadows are clipped. Move the slider until clipping begins, and then reverse the adjustment slightly. (For more information, see Preview highlight and shadow clipping in Camera Raw.)

To manually adjust a tone control, drag the slider, type a number in the box, or select the value in the box and press the Up or Down arrow key.
To reset a value to its default, double-click the slider control.

Note: The tone controls that appear in the Basic panel depend on whether you are working in Process Version PV2012, PV2010, or PV2003, as noted.

Exposure (All) Adjusts the overall image brightness. Adjust the slider until the photo looks good and the image is the desired brightness. Exposure values are in increments equivalent to aperture values (f-stops) on a camera. An adjustment of +1.00 is similar to opening the aperture 1 stop. Similarly, an adjustment of -1.00 is like closing the aperture 1 stop.

Contrast (All) Increases or decreases image contrast, mainly affecting midtones. When you increase contrast, the middle-to-dark image areas become darker, and the middle-to-light image areas become lighter. The image tones are inversely affected as you decrease contrast.

Highlights (PV2012) Adjusts bright image areas. Drag to the left to darken highlights and recover “blown out” highlight details. Drag to the right to brighten highlights while minimizing clipping.

Shadows (PV2012) Adjusts dark image areas. Drag to the left to darken shadows while minimizing clipping. Drag to the right to brighten shadows and recover shadow details.

Whites (PV2012) Adjusts white clipping. Drag to the left to reduce clipping in highlights. Drag to the right to increase highlight clipping. (Increased clipping may be desirable for specular highlights, such as metallic surfaces.)

Blacks (PV2012) Adjusts black clipping. Drag to the left to increase black clipping (map more shadows to pure black). Drag to the right to reduce shadow clipping.

Blacks (PV2010 and PV2003) Specifies which image values map to black. Moving the slider to the right increases the areas that become black, sometimes creating the impression of increased image contrast. The greatest effect is in the shadows, with much less change in the midtones and highlights.

Recovery (PV2010 and PV2003) Attempts to recover details from highlights. Camera Raw can reconstruct some details from areas in which one or two color channels are clipped to white.

Fill Light (PV2010 and PV2003) Attempts to recover details from shadows, without brightening blacks. Camera Raw can reconstruct some details from areas in which one or two color channels are clipped to black. Using Fill Light is like using the shadows portion of the Photoshop® Shadow/Highlight filter or the After Effects® Shadow/Highlight effect.

Brightness (PV2010 and PV2003) Adjusts the brightness or darkness of the image, much as the Exposure property does. However, instead of clipping the image in the highlights or shadows, Brightness compresses the highlights and expands the shadows when you move the slider to the right. Often, the best way to use this control is to set the overall tonal scale by first setting Exposure, Recovery, and Blacks; then set Brightness. Large Brightness adjustments can affect shadow or highlight clipping, so you may want to readjust the Exposure, Recovery, or Blacks property after adjusting Brightness.

Learn More: Watch the video tutorial What's New in Camera Raw by Matt Kloskowski.

Fine-tune tone curves

Use the controls in the Tone Curve tab to fine-tune images after you’ve made tone adjustments in the Basic tab. The tone curves represent changes made to the tonal scale of an image. The horizontal axis represents the original tone values of the image (input values), with black on the left and progressively lighter values toward the right. The vertical axis represents the changed tone values (output values), with black on the bottom and progressing to white at the top.

If a point on the curve moves up, the output is a lighter tone; if it moves down, the output is a darker tone. A straight, 45-degree line indicates no changes to the tone response curve: the original input values exactly match the output values.

Use the tone curve in the nested Parametric tab to adjust the values in specific tonal ranges in the image. The areas of the curve affected by the region properties (Highlights, Lights, Darks, or Shadows) depend on where you set the split controls at the bottom of the graph. The middle region properties (Darks and Lights) mostly affect the middle region of the curve. The Highlight and Shadows properties mostly affect the ends of the tonal range.

To adjust tone curves, do any of the following:

Drag the Highlights, Lights, Darks, or Shadows slider in the nested Parametric tab. You can expand or contract the curve regions that the sliders affect by dragging the region divider controls along the horizontal axis of the graph.
Drag a point on the curve in the nested Point tab. As you drag the point, the Input and Output tonal values are displayed beneath the tone curve.
Choose an option from the Curve menu in the nested Point tab. The setting you choose is reflected in the Point tab, but not in the settings in the Parametric tab. Medium Contrast is the default setting.
Select the Parametric Curve Targeted Adjustment tool in the toolbar and drag in the image. The Parametric Curve Targeted Adjustment tool adjusts the Highlights, Lights, Darks, or Shadows curve region based on the values in the image where you click.

Note: The Targeted Adjustment tool does not affect point curves.

Clarity, Vibrance, and Saturation controls

You can change the color saturation of all colors by adjusting the Clarity, Vibrance, and Saturation controls on the Basic tab. (To adjust saturation for a specific range of colors, use the controls on the HSL / Grayscale tab.)

Clarity Adds depth to an image by increasing local contrast, with greatest effect on the midtones. This setting is like a large-radius unsharp mask. When using this setting, it is best to zoom in to 100% or greater. To maximize the effect, increase the setting until you see halos near the edge details of the image and then reduce the setting slightly.

Vibrance Adjusts the saturation so that clipping is minimized as colors approach full saturation. This setting changes the saturation of all lower- saturated colors with less effect on the higher-saturated colors. Vibrance also prevents skin tones from becoming oversaturated.

Saturation Adjusts the saturation of all image colors equally from -100 (monochrome) to +100 (double the saturation).

HSL / Grayscale controls

You can use the controls in the HSL / Grayscale tab to adjust individual color ranges. For example, if a red object looks too vivid and distracting, you can decrease the Reds values in the nested Saturation tab.

The following nested tabs contain controls for adjusting a color component for a specific color range:

Hue Changes the color. For example, you can change a blue sky (and all other blue objects) from cyan to purple.

Saturation Changes how vivid or pure the color. For example, you can change a blue sky from gray to highly saturated blue.

Luminance Changes the brightness of the color range.

If you select Convert To Grayscale, you see only one nested tab:

Grayscale Mix Use controls in this tab to specify the contribution of each color range to the grayscale version of the image.

Adjust color or tone using the Targeted Adjustment tool

The Targeted Adjustment tool allows you to make tonal and color corrections by dragging directly on a photo. Using the Targeted Adjustment tool, you can drag down on a blue sky to desaturate it, for example, or drag up on a red jacket to intensify its hue.

1. To make color adjustments with the Targeted Adjustment tool , click it in the toolbar and choose the type of correction you want to make: Hue, Saturation, Luminance, or Grayscale Mix. Then, drag in the image.

Dragging up or right increases values; dragging down or left decreases values. Sliders for more than one color may be affected when you drag with the Targeted Adjustment tool. Selecting the Grayscale Mix Targeted Adjustment tool converts the image to grayscale.

2. To make tone curve adjustments using the Targeted Adjustmenttool , click it in the toolbar and choose Parametric Curve. Then, drag in the image.

The Parametric Curve Targeted Adjustment tool adjusts the Highlights, Lights, Darks, or Shadows curve region based on the values in the image where you click.

Tips: The keyboard shortcut T toggles the last Targeted Adjustment tool you used.

Tone a grayscale image

Use the controls in the Split Toning tab to color a grayscale image. You can add one color throughout the tonal range, such as a sepia appearance, or create a split tone result, in which a different color is applied to the shadows and the highlights. The extreme shadows and highlights remain black and white.

You can also apply special treatments, such as a cross-processed look, to a color image.

Select a grayscale image. (It can be an image that you converted to grayscale by selecting Convert To Grayscale in the HSL / Grayscale tab.)
In the Split Toning tab, adjust the Hue and Saturation properties for the highlights and shadows. Hue sets the color of the tone; Saturation sets the magnitude of the result.
Adjust the Balance control to balance the influence between the Highlight and Shadow controls. Positive values increase the influence of the Highlight controls; negative values increase the influence of the Shadow controls.

Editing HDR images in Camera Raw

In Camera Raw 7.1 or later, you can work with 16-, 24-, and 32-bit floating point images--often referred to as HDR (high dynamic range images). Camera Raw opens TIFF and DNG format HDR images. Make sure that the images are in process version 2012. (See Process Versions.)

You can use the Basic tab controls to edit HDR images. The Basic tab Exposure control has an expanded range when working with HDR images (+10 to -10).

When you are done editing, click Done or Open Image to open the image in Photoshop. The image opens as a 16-bit or 8-bit image, depending on how you have the Workflow Options set.

To open an HDR image in Camera Raw:

In Bridge, select the image and choose File > Open In Camera Raw. In mini-Bridge, right-click the image (Ctlr-click on Mac) and choose Open With > Camera Raw.

For more information about HDR images, see High dynamic range images in Photoshop Help.

ps mac - Chữ trên khăn lông với Displace

Details: Category: Photoshop; Written by Le Minh Thanh; Hits: 0

Chế độ hòa trộn Multiply sẽ giúp bạn áp đối tượng lên nhiều bề mặt do khả năng hiển thị chất liệu của layer bên dưới. Tuy nhiên với những bề mặt gồ ghề, uốn lượn như mặt vải thì bạn cần đối tượng biến dạng để nó thực sự bám sát lên bề mặt

ps mac - Lighting Effects

Details: Category: Photoshop; Written by Le Minh Thanh; Hits: 0

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Light Type

Point: nguồn sáng trên ảnh chiếu theo mọi hướng như bóng đèn tròn.
Infinite: nguồn sáng toàn bề mặt như ánh sáng mặt trời.
Spot: nguồn sáng chiếu chùm theo 1 hình ellip theo 1 hướng nhất định. Các thông số là hướng chiếu, góc chiếu, độ lan tỏa, độ mềm cạnh.

Propertie

Colorize: Độ ám màu.
Exposure: Điều khiển chi tiết highlight và shadow.
Gloss: Xác định độ phản xạ bề mặt.
Metallic: Xác định cái nào phản chiếu nhiều hơn.
Ambience: Ánh sáng môi trường. Chọn giá trị sáng tối đa là 100, hoặc tắt hoàn toàn ở giá trị –100.
Texture: Áp dụng kênh chất liệu bề mặt.

Point light

2 o’clock Spotlight: A yellow spotlight of medium (17) intensity with a wide (91) focus.
Blue Omni: A blue overhead omni light of full (85) intensity with no focus.
Circle Of Light: Four spotlights. White has full (100) intensity and a concentrated (8) focus. Yellow has strong intensity (88) and a concentrated focus (3). Red has medium (50) intensity and a concentrated (0) focus. Blue has full (100) intensity and medium (25) focus.
Crossing: A white spotlight of medium (35) intensity with a wide (69) focus.
Crossing Down: Two white spotlights of medium (35) intensity with a wide (100) focus.
Default: A white spotlight of medium intensity (35) with a wide focus (69).
Five Lights Down/Five Lights Up:Five white spotlights, down or up, of full (100) intensity with a wide (60) focus.
Flashlight: An omni yellow light of medium (46) intensity.
Flood Light: A white spotlight of medium (35) intensity with a wide (69) focus.
Parallel Directional: A directional blue light of full (98) intensity with no focus.
RGB Lights: Red, blue, and green lights that produce a light of medium (60) intensity with a wide (96) focus.
Soft Direct Lights: Two unfocused white and blue directional lights. White has a soft (20) intensity. Blue has a medium (67) intensity.
Soft Omni: A soft omni light of medium (50) intensity.
Soft Spotlight: A white spotlight of full (98) intensity with a wide (100) focus.
Three Down: Three white spotlights of soft (35) intensity with a wide (96) focus.
Triple Spotlight: Three spotlights of slight (35) intensity with a wide (100) focus.

Nguồn: https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/using/add-lighting-effects1.html